{"id":2050,"date":"2022-06-02T13:24:28","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T12:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sudocrem.wpenginepowered.com\/ro\/?p=2050"},"modified":"2022-06-02T13:27:00","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T12:27:00","slug":"diversificarea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sudocrem.com\/ro\/2022\/06\/02\/diversificarea\/","title":{"rendered":"Diversificarea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diversificarea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diversificarea sau alimenta\u021bia complementar\u0103 reprezint\u0103 introducerea \u00een alimenta\u021bia bebelu\u0219ului a altor alimente, \u00een afara laptelui. Recomand\u0103rile oferite de medic mamelor, \u00een acest sens, s-au modificat periodic \u00een func\u021bie de stadiul cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i a dovezilor acumulate de c\u0103tre societ\u0103\u021bile \u0219tiin\u021bifice medicale. Diversificarea este necesar\u0103 pentru c\u0103 nevoile de cre\u0219tere \u0219i dezvoltare ale sugarului cresc odat\u0103 cu v\u00e2rsta, iar laptele matern sau formula de lapte nu mai reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 le acopere. De asemenea, sistemul digestiv este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 \u0219i alte alimente, iar sugarii se obi\u0219nuiesc cu gusturi, consisten\u021be \u0219i mirosuri noi.<\/p>\n

Introducerea alimentatelor complementare nu presupune, \u00eens\u0103, renun\u021barea la al\u0103ptare. Introducerea prea timpurie a alimentelor complementare poate duce la reducerea cantit\u0103\u021bii de lapte matern consumat\u0103 de sugar \u0219i sc\u0103derea secre\u021biei de lapte a mamei; de asemenea, poate cre\u0219te riscul de: tulbur\u0103ri digestive (v\u0103rs\u0103turi, diaree), infec\u021bii, reac\u021bii alergice \u0219i intoleran\u021be alimentare. Dac\u0103 sugarul nu este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 \u00eenghit\u0103 alimente solide, pot ap\u0103rea accidente legate de alimenta\u021bie (\u00eenec, reflux acid), care mai t\u00e2rziu pot duce la aversiune \u0219i fric\u0103 de m\u00e2ncare \u0219i pot influen\u021ba negativ obiceiurile alimentare viitoare ale copilului. Introducerea tardiv\u0103 a diversific\u0103rii duce la apari\u021bia unor caren\u021be nutri\u021bionale, \u00eenso\u021bite de cre\u0219terea \u0219i dezvoltarea necorespunz\u0103toare, dar poate fi \u0219i un factor declan\u0219ator pentru lipsa obiceiurilor alimentare s\u0103n\u0103toase \u0219i refuzul alimentelor.<\/p>\n

\u00cen momentul introducerii hranei complementare, sugarul trebuie s\u0103 fie preg\u0103tit fizic; de aceea, v\u00e2rsta la care se recomand\u0103 diversificarea tinde spre 6 luni de via\u021b\u0103. \u00cen acel moment bebelu\u0219ul este preg\u0103tit s\u0103 stea \u00een \u0219ezut, cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 sprijin, poate \u00eenghi\u021bi alimente mai pu\u021bin lichide (sup\u0103 crem\u0103, piure), apar primele mi\u0219c\u0103ri de mastica\u021bie (plimb\u0103 m\u00e2ncarea \u00een guri\u021b\u0103), de cele mai multe ori deschide guri\u021ba c\u00e2nd se apropie linguri\u021ba, urm\u0103re\u0219te m\u00e2ncarea cu ochii \u0219i \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 imite hr\u0103nirea prin prinderea linguri\u021bei \u0219i ducerea ei la gur\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cum proced\u0103m? Recomand\u0103ri:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Alimentele noi se introduc progresiv<\/strong>, pu\u021bin c\u00e2te pu\u021bin, cu linguri\u021ba;<\/li>\n
  2. Se introduce un singur aliment <\/strong>nou, la o singur\u0103 mas\u0103 din zi \u0219i se repet\u0103 zilele urm\u0103toare;<\/li>\n
  3. Alimentul nou se poate oferi separat <\/strong>de alte alimente sau \u00een combina\u021bie <\/strong>cu un aliment preferat, deja introdus;<\/li>\n
  4. Alimentul nou se ofer\u0103 la \u00eenceputul mesei, <\/strong>c\u00e2nd este prezent\u0103 senza\u021bia de foame, \u00eenainte de al\u0103ptare;<\/li>\n
  5. Un aliment primit u\u0219or de c\u0103tre copil r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een alimenta\u021bia <\/strong>acestuia;<\/li>\n
  6. Atunci c\u00e2nd introducem un aliment nou, copilul trebuie s\u0103 fie s\u0103n\u0103tos<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
  7. Suntem aten\u021bi la apari\u021bia unor simptome <\/strong>(v\u0103rs\u0103turi, diaree, erup\u021bii pe piele) pentru a \u00eentrerupe alimentul nou introdus, care se poate reintroduce numai dup\u0103 consultarea cu medicul copilului;<\/li>\n
  8. Dac\u0103 apare refuzul unui aliment<\/strong>, nu se mai insist\u0103 la aceea mas\u0103 \u0219i nici \u00een aceea\u0219i zi, se reia alimentul care a fost refuzat peste c\u00e2teva zile, repetitiv, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd este acceptat;<\/li>\n
  9. Suplimentul de lichide <\/strong>(ap\u0103) va fi oferit cu linguri\u021ba sau c\u0103ni\u021ba (nu cu biberonul), dup\u0103 introducerea a trei mese complementare, \u00een locul laptelui;<\/li>\n
  10. P\u0103rin\u021bii aleg CE <\/strong>m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 copilul \u0219i copilul determin\u0103 c\u00e2t de MULT <\/strong>m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 (nu trebuie for\u021bat s\u0103 termine \u00eentreaga por\u021bie).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Se recomand\u0103 ca mesele s\u0103 fie construite treapt\u0103 cu treapt\u0103, prin cre\u0219terea progresiv\u0103 a cantit\u0103\u021bilor \u0219i a num\u0103rului de ingredient sau a varia\u021biei acestora.<\/p>\n

    Ini\u021bial, se ofer\u0103 copilului alimente cu ingrediente simple pentru a putea preveni sau identifica alergii, \u00een preparate cu o consisten\u021ba fin\u0103, u\u0219or de \u00eenghi\u021bit (supe creme, piure), f\u0103r\u0103 adaos de sare sau zah\u0103r, prefer\u00e2ndu-se, ca prim aliment de diversificare, legumele.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Material realizat cu sprijinul unui medic de familie cu specializare pediatric\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bibliografie<\/strong><\/p>\n

    * World Health Organisation<\/strong>: Infant and young child feeding: Model chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals. 2009.<\/p>\n

    *Fewtrell <\/strong>M et al. Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN<\/strong>) Committee on Nutrition. JPGN 2017;64: 119\u2013132<\/p>\n

    * Forschungsinstitut <\/strong>f\u00fcr Kinderern\u00e4hrung: Empfehlungen f\u00fcr die Ern\u00e4hrung von S\u00e4uglingen. 2013 Koletzko <\/strong>B et al. Handlungsempfehlungen: Ern\u00e4hrung und Bewegung von S\u00e4uglingen und stillenden Frauen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd, 2016;433-457.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Diversificarea Diversificarea sau alimenta\u021bia complementar\u0103 reprezint\u0103 introducerea \u00een alimenta\u021bia bebelu\u0219ului a altor alimente, \u00een afara laptelui. Recomand\u0103rile oferite de medic mamelor, \u00een acest sens, s-au modificat periodic \u00een func\u021bie de stadiul cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i a dovezilor acumulate de c\u0103tre societ\u0103\u021bile \u0219tiin\u021bifice medicale. Diversificarea este necesar\u0103 pentru c\u0103 nevoile de cre\u0219tere \u0219i dezvoltare ale sugarului cresc odat\u0103 […]<\/p>\n

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